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Turbulent flow
Tue Apr 05, 2016 12:19 pm
TurbuLence
Tue Apr 05, 2016 12:58 pm
ArXiv - Turbulence
Bibliography & Links :
: Landau , Lifshitz - Fluid Mechanics , 1987
A First Course in Turbulence MIT - H.Tennekes , J.Lumley , 1972
The Physics of Fluid Turbulence - W.D. McComb , Oxford , 1992
Link : Hinze, J. O. - Turbulence - McGraw-Hill ,New York , 1975
A. N. Kolmogorov, The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers
Stephen B.Pope - Turbulent Flows , Cambridge , 2000 , [Link]
Springer Handbook Of Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 2007 [pdf]
---------------------------------------- vidi -
An Experimentalist’s Perspective . Robert Ecke
Clay Mathematics Institute , Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness
Bibliography & Links :
: Landau , Lifshitz - Fluid Mechanics , 1987
A First Course in Turbulence MIT - H.Tennekes , J.Lumley , 1972
The Physics of Fluid Turbulence - W.D. McComb , Oxford , 1992
Link : Hinze, J. O. - Turbulence - McGraw-Hill ,New York , 1975
A. N. Kolmogorov, The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers
Stephen B.Pope - Turbulent Flows , Cambridge , 2000 , [Link]
Springer Handbook Of Experimental Fluid Mechanics , 2007 [pdf]
---------------------------------------- vidi -
http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html http://web.mit.edu/fluids-modules/www/ |
An Experimentalist’s Perspective . Robert Ecke
Clay Mathematics Institute , Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness
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Turbulent Flow
Tue Apr 05, 2016 3:54 pm
R.F. L3-7 wrote:Finally, there is a physical problem that is common to many fields, that is very old, and that has not been solved. It is not the problem of finding new fundamental particles, but something left over from a long time ago—over a hundred years. Nobody in physics has really been able to analyze it mathematically satisfactorily in spite of its importance to the sister sciences. It is the analysis of circulating or turbulent fluids. If we watch the evolution of a star, there comes a point where we can deduce that it is going to start convection, and thereafter we can no longer deduce what should happen. A few million years later the star explodes, but we cannot figure out the reason. We cannot analyze the weather. We do not know the patterns of motions that there should be inside the earth. The simplest form of the problem is to take a pipe that is very long and push water through it at high speed. We ask: to push a given amount of water through that pipe, how much pressure is needed? No one can analyze it from first principles and the properties of water. If the water flows very slowly, or if we use a thick goo like honey, then we can do it nicely. You will find that in your textbook. What we really cannot do is deal with actual, wet water running through a pipe. That is the central problem which we ought to solve some day, and we have not.A poet once said, “The whole universe is in a glass of wine.” We will probably never know in what sense he meant that, but it is true that if we look at a glass of wine closely enough we see the entire universe. There are the things of physics: the twisting liquid which evaporates depending on the wind and weather, the reflections in the glass, and our imagination adds the atoms. The glass is a distillation of the earth’s rocks, and in its composition we see the secrets of the universe’s age, and the evolution of stars. What strange array of chemicals are in the wine? How did they come to be? There are the ferments, the enzymes, the substrates, and the products. There in wine is found the great generalization: all life is fermentation. Nobody can discover the chemistry of wine without discovering, as did Louis Pasteur, the cause of much disease. How vivid is the claret, pressing its existence into the consciousness that watches it! If "our" minds, for some convenience, divide this glass of wine, this universe, into parts—physics, biology, geology, astronomy, psychology, and so on—remember that nature does not know it! So let us put it all back together, not forgetting ultimately what it is for. Let it give us one more final pleasure: drink it and forget it all!
Fluid flows in nature normally depart from laminarity and are turbulent
in the majority of cases, including flows around bodies such as airplanes,
vehicles, ships, and in internal flows such as in ducts, turbomachines,
propulsors, and in blood circulation in the human body. Furthermore
the boundary layer in the earth's atmosphere is turbulent and so is the flow
of water in rivers and canals , the jet streams in the upper troposphere and
the water currents below the surface of the oceans.Cumulus clouds are also
in turbulent motion ; the Gulf Stream is a turbulent wall-jet kind of flow.
The photosphere of the sun and the photospheres of similar stars are in
turbulent motion; interstellar clouds (nebulae) are turbulent; the wake of
the earth in the solar wind is presumably a turbulent wake. Laminarity
is the anomaly and not the standard. The parameter which is fundamental
to the transition from laminarity to turbulence is the Reynolds number,
i.e., the ratio of inertial to viscous forces. Dimensionaly
where m is the mass, a the acceleration, Fv the viscous force,
U a characteristic velocity, L a characteristic lenght , τ the
shear stress , μ the dynamic viscosity coeficient, v the
kinematic viscosity coefficient, and ρ the density.
The Reynolds number is a parameter which carries
information on the overall behavior of the flow field
When the Reynolds number is below a critical value
ReC the viscous forces are high enough to smooth
instabilities in the flow. Whenever Re > ReC the
flow will start to exhibit all the features of
developed turbulence.
These features establish the major differences
between laminar and turbulent flows:
• extreme sensitivity to initial and boundary conditions
• unpredictability and randomness
• wide range of structures (scales) in space and time
• fully three-dimensional nature
• higher diffusion compared to the laminar case
• presence of cross-fluctuating terms among
fluid mechanics variables.
The sensitivity to initial conditions is the key point
for the understanding of the behavior of turbulent flows;
it is not possible, even in principle, to control the BC and
IC to an arbitrarily small degree, especially if they pertain
to a turbulent flow field (such as the inlet conditions for a
channel). In comparison to laminar flow, a turbulent flow
will exhibit a substantial (not only apparent due to our
ignorance) unpredictable andrandom nature at any point
and any time which originates from this high sensitivity
to BC and IC; this also produces correlated fluctuations
among the fluid-mechanics variables. These complex
behaviors seem to prevent the possibility of an analy-
tical approach when dealing with turbulent flows;in
fact , from the mathematical point of view , there is
still no theorem proving the existence and uniquene-
ss of solutions to the Navier -Stokes equations in fully
3-dimensional conditions (as in turbulent flows), for arb-
itrary time intervals, whatever the Reynolds number.
* Abbreviations
IC initial condition
BC boundary condition
Millennium Problems : Navier–Stokes Equation
http://www.claymath.org/sites/default/files/navierstokes.pdf
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TurbuLence
Tue Apr 05, 2016 4:21 pm
https://ctr.stanford.edu/
https://ctr.stanford.edu/ctr-video
http://www.efluids.com/
NCFMF . National Committee for Fluid Mechanics Films
http://web.mit.edu/hml/ncfmf.html , 1969.
This visualization shows ocean surface currents around the
world during the period from June 2005 through Dec. 2007
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003800/a003827/
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/perpetual-ocean.html
Visualization of a geophysical turbulent flow:The Gulf Stream
and eddies in the western North Atlantic Ocean:
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=3913
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NASA Langley | Study at Wallops Island
Tue Apr 05, 2016 4:32 pm
Wake Vortex Study at Wallops Island.
NASA Langley Research Center
Turbulence Modeling Resource
https://turbmodels.larc.nasa.gov/
C-5A Wing Vortice tests at NASA Langley Research Center
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TurbuLence
Tue Apr 05, 2016 7:13 pm
Leonardo da Vinci’s illustration of the swirling flow of turbulence.
Windsor Castle, Royal Library
The sketch
above--- a free water jet issuing from a square hole into a pool---represents perhaps the world's
first use of visualization as a scientific tool to study a turbulent flow. Leonardo wrote (translated
by Ugo Piomelli, University of Maryland), "Observe the motion of the surface of the water,which
resembles that of hair, which has two motions, of which one is caused by the weight of the hair,
the other by the direction of the curls; thus the water has eddying motions, one part of which is
due to the principal current, the other to the random and reverse motion." According to John L.
Lumley, Cornell University, Leonardo may have prefigured the now famous Reynolds turbulence
decomposition nearly 400 years prior to Osborne Reynolds' own flow visualization and analysis.
In describing the swirling water motion behind a bluff body, da Vinci provided the earliest
reference to the importance of vortices in fluid motion: "So moving water strives to maintain
the course pursuant to the power which occasions it and, if it finds an obstacle in its path,
completes the span of the course it has commenced by a circular and revolving movement."
Leonardo accurately sketched the pair of quasi-stationary, counterrotating vortices in the midst
of the random wake. Finally, da Vinci's words "... The small eddies are almost numberless, and
large things are rotated only by large eddies and not by small ones, and small things are turned
by both small eddies and large" presage Richardson's cascade, coherent structures, and large-
eddy simulations, at least. .Reference: M. Gad-el-Hak: Flow Control: Passive, Active, and
Reactive Flow Management, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
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Leonardo da Vinci
Tue Apr 05, 2016 7:23 pm
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/canuto_01/
A rigid obstacle in flowing water creates wake turbulence, a fact noted and sketched
by Leonardo da Vinci in 1509. The passage of a moving body through a static medium
has the same effect, and the turbulence can be used to accelerate a following body.
What is true for a boat in water also applies to electrons passing through a gas, a
fact exploited by Blumenfeld et al.1 in their high-energy plasma wakefield accelerator.
THE ROYAL COLLECTION © 2007, HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II
A rigid obstacle in flowing water creates wake turbulence, a fact noted and sketched
by Leonardo da Vinci in 1509. The passage of a moving body through a static medium
has the same effect, and the turbulence can be used to accelerate a following body.
What is true for a boat in water also applies to electrons passing through a gas, a
fact exploited by Blumenfeld et al.1 in their high-energy plasma wakefield accelerator.
THE ROYAL COLLECTION © 2007, HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II
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Labrador Current
Tue Apr 05, 2016 7:26 pm
View of the Labrador Current, 8 transatlantic flight minutes [130km]
east of Belle Isle, taken on a flight from London to Chicago.
Terra, 8 May 2003, 1535 UTC:
Ice and contrails along Labrador coast, Canada
3 May 2013 | 6 April 2008 |
Satellite Terra - Ice in the Labrador Current - http://terra.nasa.gov/
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Reynolds Number , Interstellar Turbulence
Tue Apr 05, 2016 7:41 pm
Reynolds Number - Sixty Symbols
Victor S.L'vov
Nonlinear physics:Universality of turbulence
V.S. L'vov Wave Turbulence Under Parametric
Excitation , Magnets
Introduction to Interstellar Turbulence, Shukurov
Interstellar Turbulence , J.Franco A.Carraminana
Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium
: An Album of Fluid Motion, Milton Van Dyke
http://img.weburbanist.com/wp-content/math-navier-stokes-existence.jpg
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Hiroshige
Tue Apr 05, 2016 8:44 pm
Utagawa Hiroshige - View of the Whirlpools at Awa triptych, 1857
Naruto Whirlpool Utagawa Hiroshige Edo , Tokyo [ca. 1853] | |
六十余州名所図会 阿波 鳴門の風波 | [detail2] |
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Spiral Galaxies
Tue Apr 05, 2016 8:56 pm
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TYPHOONS
Tue Apr 05, 2016 9:31 pm
TWIN TROPICAL STORMS EUNICE AND DIAMONDRA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGMHsXWeexE
Data collected 8/21/2015
This true-color MODIS image was acquired on June 30, 2004
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/Typhoons_MODIS.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGMHsXWeexE
Data collected 8/21/2015
This true-color MODIS image was acquired on June 30, 2004
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/Typhoons_MODIS.html
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The Starry Night ~ Vincent Van Gogh
Tue Apr 05, 2016 9:46 pm
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Re: Turbulent flow
Tue Apr 05, 2016 10:02 pm
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has been observing the
V838 Mon light echo since 2002. Each new observation of the light
echo reveals a new and unique "thin-section" through the interstellar
dust around the star. This video morphs images of the light echo from
the Hubble taken at multiple times between 2002 and 2006. The numerous
whorls and eddies in the interstellar dust are particularly noticeable. Possibly
they have been produced by the effects of magnetic fields in the space between
the stars.
Light echo around V838 Monocerotis In January 2002
Images showing the expansion of the light echo 4 March 2004
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040305.html
V838 Monocerotis stages of expansion beginning from May 2002 to October 2004
Image Sequence of V838 Monocerotis Epochs
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Pictures
Tue Apr 05, 2016 10:08 pm
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Pictures 2
Tue Apr 05, 2016 10:25 pm
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神奈川沖浪裏
Tue Apr 05, 2016 10:34 pm
神奈川沖浪裏 The Great Wave off Kanagawa .
Hokusai 1829
Kaijo no Fuji, from the second volume of One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji, 1834.
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Moskstraumen MaelströM , Edgar Allan Poe , Maelstrom , Nautilus
Tue Apr 05, 2016 11:15 pm
Riding the whirlpools of the world's strongest tidal current at Saltstraumen, Norway
Saltstraumen Maelstrom
Maelstrom of Saltstraumen
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/8683de003b1e54d40ec.jpg
https://gr.pinterest.com/abebaruck/whirlpools/
: A Descent into the Maelström , 1841 , by Edgar Allan Poe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moskstraumen Maelström
At the end of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870) Captain Nemo disappeared
sending his Nautilus submarine into the Maelström. ( Nemo and Nautilus
survived as we know from "the Mysterious Island"). The "Norway maelström"
is also mentioned in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
Saltstraumen Maelstrom
Maelstrom of Saltstraumen
The maelstrom off Norway, as illustrated by Olaus Magnus on the Carta Marina , 1539. |
https://gr.pinterest.com/abebaruck/whirlpools/
Harry Clark , 1919 "A Descent into the Maelström" Edgar Allan Poe. -------------------------------------- |
: A Descent into the Maelström , 1841 , by Edgar Allan Poe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Moskstraumen Maelström
At the end of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870) Captain Nemo disappeared
sending his Nautilus submarine into the Maelström. ( Nemo and Nautilus
survived as we know from "the Mysterious Island"). The "Norway maelström"
is also mentioned in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.
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Beneath Jupiter
Tue Apr 05, 2016 11:34 pm
Beneath Jupiter
Cloud Swirls around Southern Jupiter from Juno
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/JupiterSouth_JunoPeach_1200.jpg
Swirling Storm System / Cassini Spacecraft Nov 2000.
Red Spot Turbulence :
https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/jupiter/grsturb.htm
Cloud Swirls around Southern Jupiter from Juno
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/JupiterSouth_JunoPeach_1200.jpg
Swirling Storm System / Cassini Spacecraft Nov 2000.
Red Spot Turbulence :
https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/jupiter/grsturb.htm
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